| Montejo v. Louisiana | 07-1529 | 01/13/2009 | 05/26/2009 | Supreme Court of Louisiana | | 5-4 | Antonin Scalia | |
| Burlington Northern and Santa Fe Railway Co. v. U.S.; Shell Oil Co. v. U.S. | 07-1601; 07-1607 | 02/24/2009 | 05/04/2009 | United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit | | 8-1 | John Paul Stevens | |
| Wyeth v. Levine | 06-1249 | 11/03/2008 | 03/04/2009 | Vermont Supreme Court | | 6-3 | John Paul Stevens | |
| Crawford v. Metropolitan Government of Nashville | 06-1595 | 10/08/2008 | 01/26/2009 | United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit | | 9-0 | David H. Souter | |
| Summers v. Earth Island Institute | 07-463 | 10/08/2008 | 03/03/2009 | United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit | | 5-4 | Antonin Scalia | |
| Altria Group v. Good | 07-562 | 10/06/2008 | 12/15/2008 | United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit | | 5-4 | John Paul Stevens | |
| Locke v. Karass | 07-610 | 10/06/2008 | 01/21/2009 | United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit | | 9-0 | Stephen G. Breyer | |
| Herring v. U.S. | 07-513 | 10/07/2008 | 01/14/2009 | United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit | | 5-4 | John G. Roberts, Jr. | |
| Kennedy v. DuPont Plan Administrator | 07-636 | 10/07/2008 | 01/26/2009 | United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit | | 9-0 | David H. Souter | |
| 14 Penn Plaza v. Pyett | 07-581 | 12/01/2008 | 04/01/2009 | United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit | | 5-4 | Clarence Thomas | |
| Montana v. Wyoming | 137 Original | | | Original | | | | |
| Carcieri v. Salazar | 07-526 | 11/03/2008 | 02/24/2009 | United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit | | 6-3 | Clarence Thomas | |
| U.S. v. Eurodif; USEC v. Eurodif | 07-1059, 07-1078 | 11/04/2008 | 01/26/2009 | United States Federal Circuit Court of Appeals | | 9-0 | David H. Souter | |
| Arizona v. Gant | 07-542 | 10/07/2008 | 04/21/2009 | Supreme Court of Arizona | | 5-4 | John Paul Stevens | |
| Chambers v. U.S. | 06-11206 | 11/10/2008 | 01/13/2009 | United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit | | 9-0 | Stephen G. Breyer | |
| Hedgpeth v. Pulido | 07-544 | 10/15/2008 | 12/02/2008 | United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit | | 6-3 | | |
| FCC v. Fox Television Stations | 07-582 | 11/04/2008 | 04/28/2009 | United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit | | 5-4 | Antonin Scalia | |
| Bartlett v. Strickland | 07-689 | 10/14/2008 | 03/09/2009 | Supreme Court of North Carolina | | 5-4 | | |
| Negusie v. Holder | 07-499 | 11/05/2008 | 03/03/2009 | United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit | | 8-1 | Anthony M. Kennedy | |
| Vaden v. Discover Bank | 07-773 | 10/06/2008 | 03/09/2009 | United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit | | 7-2 | Ruth Bader Ginsburg | |
| Jimenez v. Quarterman | 07-6984 | 11/04/2008 | 01/13/2009 | United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit | | 9-0 | Clarence Thomas | |
| Melendez-Diaz v. Massachusetts | 07-591 | 11/10/2008 | 06/25/2009 | Appeals Court of Massachusetts | | 5-4 | Antonin Scalia | |
| Oregon v. Ice | 07-901 | 10/14/2008 | 01/14/2009 | Supreme Court of Oregon | | 5-4 | Ruth Bader Ginsburg | |
| Waddington v. Sarausad | 07-772 | 10/15/2008 | 01/21/2009 | United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit | | 6-3 | Clarence Thomas | |
| U.S. v. Hayes | 07-608 | 11/10/2008 | 02/24/2009 | United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit | | 7-2 | Ruth Bader Ginsburg | |
| Pearson v. Callahan | 07-751 | 10/14/2008 | 01/21/2009 | United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit | | 9-0 | Samuel A. Alito, Jr. | |
| Pleasant Grove City, Utah v. Summum | 07-665 | 11/12/2008 | 02/25/2009 | United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit | | 9-0 | Samuel A. Alito, Jr. | |
| Ysursa v. Pocatello Education Association | 07-869 | 11/03/2008 | 02/24/2009 | United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit | | 6-3 | John G. Roberts, Jr. | |
| Kansas v. Colorado | 105 Original | 12/01/2008 | 03/09/2009 | Original Supreme Court jurisdiction | | 9-0 | Samuel A. Alito, Jr. | |
| Fitzgerald v. Barnstable School Committee | 07-1125 | 12/02/2008 | 01/21/2009 | United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit | | 9-0 | Samuel A. Alito, Jr. | |
| Philip Morris USA v. Williams | 07-1216 | 12/03/2008 | 03/31/2009 | Supreme Court of Oregon | | unsigned | | |
| Ashcroft v. Iqbal | 07-1015 | 12/10/2008 | 05/18/2009 | United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit | | 5-4 | Anthony M. Kennedy | |
| U.S. v. Navajo Nation | 07-1410 | 02/23/2009 | 04/06/2009 | United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit | | 9-0 | Antonin Scalia | |
| Hawaii v. Office of Hawaiian Affairs | 07-1372 | 02/25/2009 | 03/31/2009 | Supreme Court of Hawaii | | 9-0 | Samuel A. Alito, Jr. | |
| Kansas v. Ventris | 07-1356 | 01/21/2009 | 04/29/2009 | Supreme Court of Kansas | | 7-2 | Antonin Scalia | |
| Shinseki v. Sanders | 07-1209 | 12/08/2008 | 04/21/2009 | United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit | | 6-3 | Stephen G. Breyer | |
| Boyle v. U.S. | 07-1309 | 01/14/2009 | 06/08/2009 | United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit | | 7-2 | Samuel A. Alito, Jr. | |
| Haywood v. Drown | 07-10374 | 12/03/2008 | 05/26/2009 | New York Court of Appeals | | 5-4 | John Paul Stevens | |
| Pacific Bell Telephone Co. v. linkLine Communications | 07-512 | 12/08/2008 | | United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit | | 9-0 | John G. Roberts, Jr. | |
| Coeur Alaska v. Southeast Alaska Conservation Council | 07-984/07-990 | 01/12/2009 | 06/22/2009 | United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit | | 6-3 | Anthony M. Kennedy | |
| Knowles v. Mirzayance | 07-1315 | 01/13/2009 | 03/24/2009 | United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit | | 9-0 | Clarence Thomas | |
| Winter v. Natural Resources Defense Council | 07-1239 | 10/08/2008 | 11/12/2008 | United States District Court for the Ninth Circuit | | 6-3 | John G. Roberts, Jr. | |
| Harbison v. Bell | 07-8521 | 01/12/2009 | 04/01/2009 | United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit | | 7-2 | John Paul Stevens | |
| Arizona v. Johnson | 07-1122 | 12/09/2008 | 01/26/2009 | The Court of Appeals of Arizona, Division Two | | 9-0 | Ruth Bader Ginsburg | |
| Cone v. Bell | 07-1114 | 12/09/2008 | 04/28/2009 | United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit | | 7-2 | John Paul Stevens | |
| Ministry of Defense and Support for the Armed Forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran v. Elahi | 07-615 | 01/12/2009 | 04/21/2009 | United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit | | 6-3 | Stephen G. Breyer | |
| AT&T Corp. v. Hulteen | 07-543 | 12/10/2008 | 05/18/2009 | United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit | | 7-2 | David H. Souter | |
| Puckett v. U.S. | 07-9712 | 01/14/2009 | 03/25/2009 | United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit | | 7-2 | Antonin Scalia | |
| Rivera v. Illinois | 07-9995 | 02/23/2009 | 03/31/2009 | Supreme Court of Illinois | | 9-0 | Ruth Bader Ginsburg | |
| Corley v. U.S. | 07-10441 | 01/21/2009 | 04/06/2009 | United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit | | 5-4 | David H. Souter | |